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1.
Arq. Inst. Biol ; 88: e00182020, 2021. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1357872

ABSTRACT

Sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam (Convolvulaceae), is an essential crop for food security in developing countries. Euscepes postfasciatus (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is one of the main pests of I. batatas in tropical and subtropical regions. It feeds on the tuberous roots of I. batatas and induces perforations tunnel-shaped with excrement. The objective of this study was to register, for the first time, the occurrence of E. postfasciatus in I. batatas in the municipality of Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Individuals of E. postfasciatus were found in the larval, pupal and adult stages feeding on the roots, in the genotypes, Brasilândia Branca, Rubisol, UFVJM01, UFVJM02, UFVJM03, UFVJM04, UFVJM08, UFVJM18, UFVJM91, UFVJM291 and UFVJM526 in a greenhouse at the Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM). Euscepes postfasciatus injuries formed superficial and deep galleries with the presence of excrement and unpleasant odor. The record of E. postfasciatus in I. batatas in the municipality of Diamantina is important to develop local strategies for integrated pest management of the crop in the region.(AU)


Subject(s)
Ipomoea , Weevils , Tropical Climate , Coleoptera , Agricultural Pests , Food Supply
2.
Arq. Inst. Biol ; 87: e0762018, 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1121084

ABSTRACT

Intoxication by dispersion of glyphosate droplets in coffee seedlings is common and, in addition to the problem of drift, there are reports of contamination of this herbicide to a nontarget plant via the rhizosphere. Hydroponics allows the comparison of the translocation of the glyphosate absorbed by the foliage or the roots and avoids the interaction with the soil, which could hamper the achievement of more accurate conclusions when it is absorbed by the root. Thus, the toxicity of glyphosate sublethal dosages in the initial growth of coffee plants in hydroponics was evaluated by applying four sublethal dosages in two different locations (solution and leaf). Fifty days after the application of the herbicide, the intoxication percentage and the growth of the coffee seedlings were evaluated. From the reduced dose of 115.2 g·ha-1 of glyphosate, height reductions, root length; number of leaves, dry mass of leaf, roots and total, leaf area, and leaf mass ratio were observed. The first two parameters were observed only in leaf application and the others via leaf and solution. The aerial part­root ratio system had an increase in herbicide sublethal dosages when applied to leaves and the ratio of leaf area and specific leaf area increased in both applications. Sublethal dosages of glyphosate applied to young coffee plants under hydroponic conditions impair their growth, and it is more accentuated with increasing doses and when the leaves, instead of the roots, absorb the herbicide.(AU)


Intoxicação por dispersão das gotas de glifosato em mudas de café são comuns, além do problema da deriva, há relatos da passagem desse herbicida para planta não alvo via rizosfera. A hidroponia possibilita comparar a translocação do glifosato absorvido pelas folhagens ou raízes e evita a interação do solo que poderia dificultar a obtenção de conclusões mais precisas quando absorvido pela raiz. Assim, a toxidade de subdoses de glifosato no crescimento inicial de plantas de café em hidroponia foi avaliada aplicando-se quatro subdoses em dois locais distintos (solução e folha). Cinquenta dias após a aplicação do herbicida, a porcentagem de intoxicação e o crescimento das mudas de café foram avaliados. A partir da subdose de 115,2 g·ha-1 de glifosato observaram-se reduções da altura; comprimento radicular; número de folhas; massa seca da folha, raiz, radicular e total; área foliar; razão de massa foliar, sendo os dois primeiros parâmetros observados somente na aplicação foliar e os demais via foliar e solução. A relação parte aérea/sistema radicular aumentaram com o incremento das subdoses do herbicida quando aplicado nas folhas e a razão de área foliar e área foliar específica aumentaram em ambas as vias de aplicação. Subdoses de glifosato aplicadas em plantas jovens de café, em condições hidropônicas, prejudicam o seu crescimento sendo mais acentuados com o aumento das doses e quando o herbicida é absorvido pelas folhas em relação à absorção radicular.(AU)


Subject(s)
Coffee , Hydroponics , Herbicides , Absorption , Environmental Pollution , Toxicity , Rhizosphere
3.
Arq. Inst. Biol ; 86: e0772017, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-998423

ABSTRACT

The incidence of lepidopteran defoliants is one of the environmental factors that regulate the productivity of cultivated forests. The parasitoid Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) has significant importance for its efficiency in the parasitism of pupae of these Lepidoptera. The objective of this study was to evaluate the development and reproduction of P. elaeisis in different densities of pupae of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) at different ages. Pupae of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours were exposed at densities of 1:1, 4:1, 10:1, 19:1, 31:1 and 46:1 parasitoids/host, respectively. The parasitoids remained in contact with the pupae for 72 hours in 500 mL plastic pots, conditioned in an air-conditioned room, with temperature of 25 ± 2°C, relative humidity of 70 ± 10% and photoperiod of 12 hours. It was concluded that the density of 10:1 presented great results of parasitism, and further increase of density was not needed. Pupae of 24 and 48 hours had a higher percentage of emergence. Biological variables were affected neither by parasitoid densities nor by host age.(AU)


A incidência de lepidópteros desfolhadores é um dos fatores ambientais que regulam a produtividade das florestas plantadas. O endoparasitoide Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) destaca-se pela eficiência no parasitismo e pode ser promissor no controle de Lepidoptera pragas em diversas culturas com importância econômica. Assim, avaliaram-se o desenvolvimento e a reprodução de P. elaeisis em pupas de Spodoptera ­frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) com idades distintas submetidas a diferentes densidades do parasitoide. Pupas de 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas foram expostas às densidades de 1:1, 4:1, 10:1, 19:1, 31:1 e 46:1 parasitoides/hospedeiro. Os parasitoides permaneceram em contato com as pupas por 72 horas em potes plásticos de 500 mL, acondicionados em sala climatizada com temperatura 25 ± 2°C, umidade relativa de 70 ± 10°C e fotoperíodo de 12 horas. A densidade 10:1 apresentou resultados adequados de parasitismo. Pupas de 24 e 48 horas de idade apresentaram maior porcentagem de emergência. O ciclo de vida, o número de indivíduos emergidos, a razão sexual, a longevidade das fêmeas e o comprimento da cápsula cefálica e da tíbia de P. elaeisis não foram afetados pelas densidades do parasitoide nem pela idade do hospedeiro.(AU)


Subject(s)
Forests , Hymenoptera/parasitology , Lepidoptera , Parasitic Diseases , Pest Control, Biological/methods , Spodoptera
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